Acne Causes: Hormones (Androgens), Sebum and Oily Skin Breakouts

Acne Causes

What causes acne? That is the big question. Unfortunately, there is no easy answer. The exact cause is unknown. But most experts believe there are several related factors. One important factor is an increase in hormones called androgens (male sex hormones). These hormones increase in both boys and girls during puberty. Amongst other things, they cause the sebaceous glands to enlarge and make more sebum. Likewise, hormonal changes related to pregnancy or starting or stopping birth control pills can also cause acne.

Heredity and acne

Another factor is heredity or genetics. Experts think that the tendency to develop acne can be inherited from our parents. For example, studies have shown that many school-age boys with acne have other members of their family with acne. Certain drugs, including androgens and lithium, are known to cause acne. Greasy cosmetics can also cause problems. They may alter the cells of the follicles and make them stick together, producing a plug. Heavier oil-based moisturizers can cause acne cosmetica - an [acne-like] skin condition directly attributed to the use of cosmetics.

Acne Flare-ups

Many people have experienced that sudden development of a pimple before a big event, what are called acne flare-ups. Stress isn't believed to be a cause of acne but it is believed to be a factor in flare-ups. That is why pimples seem to show up just before the prom or a big job interview. Other factors that can cause an acne flare-up include:

• Changing hormone levels in adolescent girls and adult women 2 to 7 days before their menstrual period starts
• Oil from skin products (moisturizers or cosmetics) or grease encountered in the work environment (for example, a kitchen with fry vats as in many fast food places)
• Pressure from sports helmets or equipment, backpacks, tight collars or tight sports uniforms
• Environmental irritants, such as pollution and high humidity
• Squeezing or picking at blemishes
• Hard scrubbing of the skin

There are also myths about what causes acne. Chocolate and greasy foods are often blamed, but the American Academy of Dermatology says there is little evidence that foods and diet have much effect on acne in most people. Another common myth is that dirty skin causes acne; however, blackheads and other acne lesions are not caused by dirt. But it's still a good idea to keep your skin clean because it will wash away excess oils that can clog pores. There are also treatments that can help.

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Updated May 2008

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